 
In Boston, Massachusetts, David Walker publishes his widely read vociferous condemnation of slavery, AN APPEAL TO THE COLORED CITIZENS OF THE WORLD.
1829
Mexico abolishes slavery and becomes a refuge for American fugitive slaves.
1830
The slave population in the U.S. numbers more than two million, making the ratio of free to enslaved Americans approximately 5.5:1.
1831
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, hosts the 1st annual Convention of People of Color.
1831
The Underground Railroad is given its name.
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1831
William Lloyd Garrison founds THE LIBERATOR, an abolitionist newspaper.
1831
The New England Anti-Slavery Society is founded.
1831
Maria W. Stewart, a free black woman in Boston, Massachusetts, speaks out against slavery, becoming the first African-American woman to deliver a public lecture in the U.S.
1831
Debates in Virginia concerning emancipation mark the beginning of the last antebellum movement toward abolition in the South.
1831
North Carolina passes a law enforcing prohibition against teaching slaves to read and write as well as against providing slaves with reading materials like books or pamphlets.
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