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For nearly 500,000 years, the Sahara has attracted people from throughout North Africa. Early residents came when the Sahara was lush and teeming with wildlife. As the region became desert, the Sahara's residents turned to livestock herding. And, to trade caravans that brought gold, ivory, salt and slaves north, and commercial goods and metals south. Now, with just 2.5 people per square mile, the region's residents can seem afloat in a sea of sand. Among them are Arabs, Berbers, Bedouins, Fulani, Nubians and Tuareg. The Tuareg, a semi-nomadic group known for their salt caravans and distinctive blue veils, are the region's best-known people.
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