661 |
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Mu'awiya becomes the first Umayyad Khalifa. |
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662 |
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Ziyad ibn Abihi, becomes Umayyad governor of Basra.
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670 |
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Foundation of Qayrawan, first Islamic city in North Africa. Uqba ibn Nafi, an Arab general, conquers western Algeria and Morocco. |
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674-
679
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Muslim armies unsuccessfully besiege Constantinople. |
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680 |
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Yazid ibn Mu'awiya, son of Mu'awiya, succeeds his father as Khalifa. October: Husayn, son of Ali, is killed in the Battle of Karbala. This event cements the schism between Shi'i and Sunni Muslims. Husayn's martyrdom is commemorated by Shi'i Muslims to this day. |
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683 |
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The Umayyads sack Medina to subdue uprisings. |
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683-
692
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Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr seizes Mecca and declares himself Khalifa. |
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684 |
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Mu'awiya II becomes Khalifa after the death of his father, Yazid. Mu'awiya II cedes the title to Marwan ibn al-Hakam after four months rule. |
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685 |
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Abd al- Malik ibn Marwan becomes Khalifa. Al-Muktar believes that Ali's son, Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, is the next Mahdi (divinely guided Imam who establishes justice on earth) and leads a revolt in Iraq. |
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691 |
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The Al-Aqsa Mosque and The Dome of the Rock are built in Jerusalem. |
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692 |
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Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, an Umayyad general, captures Mecca. Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr is killed; the end of the dual caliphate. |
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705 |
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Walid ibn Abd al Malik becomes Khalifa upon his father's death and builds the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. |
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705-
715 |
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Qutayba ibn Muslim leads the conquest of Transoxiana (modern day Uzbekistan and Southwest Kazakhstan). |
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711 |
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Umar II ibn Abd al-Aziz is appointed Khalifa. |
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719 |
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Narbonne, France is conquered. |
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720 |
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Yazid II ibn Abd al-Malik becomes Khalifa. |
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724 |
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Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik inherits the caliphate from his brother. |
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728 |
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Hasan al-Basri, Imam of Basra, dies. Noted for his asceticism and considered one of the earliest Sufis. |
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732 |
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Frankish leader, Charles Martel, halts the northward advance of Islam from the Iberian peninsula in the Battle of Tours. |
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743 |
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Yazid III ibn al-Walid ibn Abd becomes Khalifa for six months. Ibrahim ibn al-Walid rules for a short time before he abdicates the throne. Marwan II ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan inherits an unstable empire. Discontent with Umayyad rule was prevalent among Shi'is and non-Arabs. |
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747 |
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Descendants of Muhammad's uncle, Al-Abbas, make claims to the Caliphate. Abu Muslim, backed by the Abbasids, leads the revolution against the Umayyads. |
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749 |
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Abu al-Abbas as-Saffah proclaims to be the next Khalifa. |
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750 |
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Khalifa Marwan II is defeated at the Battle of Zab. The end of Umayyad rule. Abu al-Abbas becomes the first Abbasid Khalifa. |
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