| 661 |
 |
Mu'awiya becomes the first Umayyad Khalifa. |
|
| 662 |
|
Ziyad ibn Abihi, becomes Umayyad governor of Basra.
|
|
| 670 |
|
Foundation of Qayrawan, first Islamic city in North Africa. Uqba ibn Nafi, an Arab general, conquers western Algeria and Morocco. |
|
| 674-
679
|
|
Muslim armies unsuccessfully besiege Constantinople. |
|
| 680 |
|
Yazid ibn Mu'awiya, son of Mu'awiya, succeeds his father as Khalifa.
October: Husayn, son of Ali, is killed in the Battle of Karbala. This event cements the schism between Shi'i and Sunni Muslims. Husayn's martyrdom is commemorated by Shi'i Muslims to this day. |
|
| 683 |
|
The Umayyads sack Medina to subdue uprisings. |
|
| 683-
692
|
|
Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr seizes Mecca and declares himself Khalifa. |
|
| 684 |
|
Mu'awiya II becomes Khalifa after the death of his father, Yazid. Mu'awiya II cedes the title to Marwan ibn al-Hakam after four months rule. |
|
| 685 |
|
Abd al- Malik ibn Marwan becomes Khalifa. Al-Muktar believes that Ali's son, Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, is the next Mahdi (divinely guided Imam who establishes justice on earth) and leads a revolt in Iraq. |
|
| 691 |
|
The Al-Aqsa Mosque and The Dome of the Rock are built in Jerusalem. |
|
| 692 |
|
Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, an Umayyad general, captures Mecca. Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr is killed; the end of the dual caliphate. |
|
| 705 |
|
Walid ibn Abd al Malik becomes Khalifa upon his father's death and builds the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. |
|
| 705-
715 |
|
Qutayba ibn Muslim leads the conquest of Transoxiana (modern day Uzbekistan and Southwest Kazakhstan). |
|
| 711 |
|
Umar II ibn Abd al-Aziz is appointed Khalifa. |
|
| 719 |
|
Narbonne, France is conquered. |
|
| 720 |
|
Yazid II ibn Abd al-Malik becomes Khalifa. |
|
| 724 |
|
Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik inherits the caliphate from his brother. |
|
| 728 |
|
Hasan al-Basri, Imam of Basra, dies. Noted for his asceticism and considered one of the earliest Sufis. |
|
| 732 |
|
Frankish leader, Charles Martel, halts the northward advance of Islam from the Iberian peninsula in the Battle of Tours. |
|
| 743 |
|
Yazid III ibn al-Walid ibn Abd becomes Khalifa for six months. Ibrahim ibn al-Walid rules for a short time before he abdicates the throne. Marwan II ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan inherits an unstable empire. Discontent with Umayyad rule was prevalent among Shi'is and non-Arabs. |
|
| 747 |
|
Descendants of Muhammad's uncle, Al-Abbas, make claims to the Caliphate. Abu Muslim, backed by the Abbasids, leads the revolution against the Umayyads. |
|
| 749 |
|
Abu al-Abbas as-Saffah proclaims to be the next Khalifa. |
|
| 750 |
|
Khalifa Marwan II is defeated at the Battle of Zab. The end of Umayyad rule. Abu al-Abbas becomes the first Abbasid Khalifa. |
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